Description

Elevated levels of impurities such as lead and arsenic are generally considered to be detrimental for electrical conductor’s quality aspects such as conductivity and drawability. Traditional electrowinning and electrorefining copper cathode manufacturing methods may be susceptible to generating such impurities during periods of process parameter deviation. This paper describes the concept and commercialization of Alternative Anode Technology (AA) which eliminates the potential for the presence of unwanted trace elements.