Description
In order to produce ultra-smooth bars by drawing only, a new die was developed that has protrusions 20 to 60 microns (02 to 0.06 mm) high along the bearing length. This die induced high contact pressure and shear strain at the drawn bar surface. Lubrication pitting on the surface was ironed out due to the high protrusion pressure. As a result, the maximum height of surface irregularities on ultra-smooth bars and wires was less than one micron (0.001 mm).